China is embarking on an ambitious journey to transform its massive electric vehicle (EV) fleet into a dynamic part of its power grid. This initiative, part of China’s strategic shift towards sustainable energy practices, involves leveraging the country’s leading EV fleet as mobile energy storage systems. In Wuxi, near Shanghai, a landmark experiment was conducted where 50 EVs reversed roles, feeding electricity back into the grid. This trial demonstrated the potential of using EVs as a two-way energy source, supplying approximately 2 megawatts of electricity, enough to power 133 houses for a day.
Strategic Plans for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China’s top economic planning agency, is at the forefront of this initiative. The NDRC plans to select 50 V2G projects across regions like Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangdong for demonstrations by 2025. The goal is to standardize V2G technology and market mechanisms across China by 2030. By 2040, EVs in China could supply the country’s peak power demand needs if they are V2G-capable, transforming cars into energy storage systems on wheels.
Managing EV Charging for Grid Stability
In the short term, managing EV charging behaviors to minimize grid strain is crucial. The NDRC aims for at least 60% of all EV charging in demonstration cities to occur during low-demand times by 2025. This strategy is vital for reducing grid vulnerability, especially given its recent fragility signs. Implementing dynamic power pricing, where electricity costs change based on real-time demand, is also part of this initiative.
Guidelines and Future Plans for China’s EV Fleet
The Chinese government has released guidelines to improve electric cars’ and plug-in hybrids’ interaction with the power grid. These guidelines call for more pilot projects before 2025, with the aim of establishing controlled bidirectional charging on a large scale by 2030. The government also focuses on advancing battery technology and extending battery life to support these initiatives.
Role of Battery Exchange Stations in Grid Stability
Complementing these efforts are battery exchange stations, which facilitate battery swapping for EVs and can feed electricity back into the grid. EV manufacturer Nio, for instance, began testing such stations in 2022, contributing to grid stability and resilience.
The integration of EVs into China’s power grid represents a forward-thinking approach to energy management, with potential global implications for electric vehicles’ role beyond transportation, contributing significantly to sustainable energy ecosystems.
